Opstartproblemen met Windows XP

Mocht Windows XP niet meer opstarten, kun je onderstaande handelingen uitvoeren. Deze verhelpen in de meeste gevallen het opstartprobleem.

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/307545/en-us

In de “C:\Windows\System32\Config” directory staan 5 bestanden die samen het register vormen.

Dit zijn de bestanden:

Ø  SYSTEM

Ø  SOFTWARE

Ø  SAM

Ø  SECURITY

Ø  DEFAULT

Het kan voorkomen dat een van deze bestanden zodanig corrupt raakt dat het systeem niet meer kan opstarten.

In sommige gevallen werkt  zelfs de “Veilige modus” optie niet meer om vanuit daar Systeem herstel op te starten.

Je zult dan van een Windows XP CD-ROM moeten opstarten en voor de optie “press R to start Recovery Console” moeten kiezen.

Vandaaruit kun je (indien je het Administrator wachtwoord nog weet) de standaard registerbestanden (hives) terugzetten die met Windows XP worden meegeleverd.

Je voert hiervoor de volgende acties uit:

md tmp

copy c:\windows\system32\config\system c:\windows\tmp\system.bak

copy c:\windows\system32\config\software c:\windows\tmp\software.bak

copy c:\windows\system32\config\sam c:\windows\tmp\sam.bak

copy c:\windows\system32\config\security c:\windows\tmp\security.bak

copy c:\windows\system32\config\default c:\windows\tmp\default.bak

delete c:\windows\system32\config\system

delete c:\windows\system32\config\software

delete c:\windows\system32\config\sam

delete c:\windows\system32\config\security

delete c:\windows\system32\config\default

copy c:\windows\repair\system c:\windows\system32\config\system

copy c:\windows\repair\software c:\windows\system32\config\software

copy c:\windows\repair\sam c:\windows\system32\config\sam

copy c:\windows\repair\security c:\windows\system32\config\security

copy c:\windows\repair\default c:\windows\system32\config\default

exit

Vervolgens kun je Windows opstarten en moet je (nadat je de rechten erop hebt aangepast) in de verborgen map “C:\System Volume Information” op zoek gaan bestanden met de volgende namen:

_REGISTRY_USER_.DEFAULT

 _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SECURITY

_REGISTRY_MACHINE_SOFTWARE

_REGISTRY_MACHINE_SYSTEM

_REGISTRY_MACHINE_SAM

En kijk dan naar de datum ervan.

Hernoem deze bestanden vervolgens en plaats deze mbv de Recovery Console weer naar “C:\Windows\System32\Config” directory.

Outlook (iig versie 2003) start niet (of alleen in veilige modus) op

Try starting Outlook once with the /safe command line switch for example from the Start > Run > type

"c:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\Outlook.exe" /safe

If Outlook starts this way then the most common causes for the locking up are:

1. Corrupt messages in your Inbox.
2. Corrupt or damaged Toolbar.
3. Damaged view.
4. Add-in causing the error.

Resolution
For No.1 remove the first or last message in your Inbox depending on how you sort the Inbox.

If it is No 2 then renaming outcmd.dat (with Outlook closed) should clear the toolbars,
search your hard drive for a file called outcmd.dat and rename it to outcmd.bak then start Outlook
(if this doesn't cure your problem then you can rename the file back to outcmd.dat and regain any customization of the Toolbars).


For No. 3 the running the /cleanviews command line switch will reset all views to default for example from the Start > Run > type

"c:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\Outlook.exe" /cleanviews

For No. 4 go to Tools > Options > Other > Advanced Options > Add-ins and uncheck all the add-ins.

Close and restart Outlook, then add the add-ins one by one (closing and restarting Outlook each time) until you get to the problematic add-in.

Depending on the add-in you may be able to remove it completely via Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel and then re-install a fresh copy.

If after a re-install you are still getting problems with the add-in then uninstall it again close Outlook do a search for a file called extend.dat and rename it to extend.old and repeat the installation of the add-in.

Maximum limits for Active Directory

Maximum limits for Active Directory

· Maximum number of GPOs that can apply to a user/computer: 999
· Maximum number of DNS servers in an AD-integrated zone (without manually adding the details): 850 (Windows 2000), 1300 (Windows 2003)
· Maximum number of supported DCs in a given domain: 1200
· Maximum number of members of a group: 5000 (Windows 2000), unlimited in Windows 2003
· Maximum number of DHCP servers in a forest: 850 (Windows 2000 SP1 or RTM), unlimited (Windows 2000 SP2 or later and Windows 2003)
· Maximum number of UPN suffixes that can be set through the UI: 850 (you can set more if you need to via ADSI scripts)
· Maximum number of objects that can be created over the lifetime of a given DIT (i.e. the AD database on a given DC): 2 billion

o This means that no matter what, you can only create 2 billion objects in AD. Even if you delete previous items – it will never use the same ID again.
o I decided to calculate when this would be exhausted if you created and deleted an AD object every second – 63 years.

Versturen van e-mail via telnet

De telnet client is een erg handige tool om te kijken of je verbinding kunt maken met een bepaalde poort.

Daarnaast kun je telnet gebruiken om routers/switches te configureren, echter is telnet tevens ideaal om  een test e-mail te versturen.

Je hoeft geen volledige e-mail client te installeren.

Gebruik de volgende commandoos:

telnet mailserver 25<return>

helo<return>

mail from:gebruiker@domein.nl<return>

rcpt to:gebruiker@domein.nl <return>

data<return>

subject:probeersel<return><return>

Tekst<return>

.<return>

quit<return>

VB Script wordt vanuit een GPO niet uitgevoerd

Dit komt doordat de gebruiker lid is van de Local Administrators groep. Als local admin krijg je een andere token mee tijdens het inloggen. Je kunt een registerwaarde zetten die ervoor zorgt dat LSA controleert of er een andere toegangstoken aan het account is gekoppeld.

Meer informatie:  http://support.microsoft.com/kb/937624/en-us

Deze waarde kun je in de GPO opnemen.

Kanttekening: de beveiliging wordt hierdoor wel aangetast

IDE AHCI RAID en Windows XP

Tijdens het installeren van een met nLite bewerkte Windows XP installatie CD kreeg ik nog steeds een BSOD. Ik had dus mbv nLite de storage drivers in de Windows XP CD geslipstreamd, echter was dat niet voldoende.

In het BIOS bleek de storage adapter op AHCI te staan. Nadat ik deze gewijzigd had naar Native IDE ging de installatie wel gewoon door.



Meer info:



IDE stands for Integrated Drive Electronics. This has been the standard interface that is used for storage media like hard drives and optical drives for a considerable length of time. Though there were some hurdles at the beginning, the standard was eventually perfected and different drives from different manufacturers can attach to most motherboards. IDE was superseded by SATA as it introduced a lot of advantages. AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) is an application programming interface that defines one mode of operation for SATA. AHCI does not affect the speed at which SATA drives operate but it exposes the advanced features that are available with SATA.



To maintain backwards compatibility with older hardware, most SATA controllers provide you with the choice of which operation mode you want to use. Operation modes include AHCI and IDE, often referred to as legacy IDE or native IDE, among others so that you have freedom. Choosing IDE as your mode of operation is just like having a good old reliable IDE drive but without the benefits of AHCI.



AHCI allows users to utilize advanced features that are available to SATA. The first feature is Native Command Queuing or NCQ. Without NCQ, each request is served sequentially without any optimization. NCQ analyzes the requests and rearranges them so that requested data locations that are physically closer to each other are grouped together so that they can be accessed in one pass and the time needed is minimized. AHCI also enables hot-plugging or the ability to attach or remove hard drives from a system that is running similar to a removable drive. This is not possible with IDE drives as they are configured during boot time.



The choice, of whether you would be using AHCI or IDE, is done prior to installing the operating system on the computer as switching from one to the other after would often lead to the system not working properly if at all. Most operating systems now have patches to address this problem but specific steps needs to be followed prior to switching.



Summary:

1.IDE is an old interface standard used for storage devices while AHCI is an application programming interface for the newer SATA interface.

2.Most SATA controllers allow you to choose between AHCI and IDE among other operation modes.

3.AHCI has advanced features like NCQ and hot plugging that is not available with IDE.

4.Switching from IDE to AHCI or vice versa after the operating system is installed can lead to problems.